The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - 2412 Words

Purpose of Program In regards to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the purpose of the organization could be described as insuring that eligible, low-income individuals and families have access to nutritional and economic benefits. According to the United Stated Department of Agriculture, SNAP is the largest program in the domestic hunger safety net (USDA, 2016). The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) assists state agencies, nutrition educators, neighborhood, and faith-based organizations to ensure that those deemed eligible for nutritional assistance are able to make informed decisions in regards to applying for the program and are able to access benefits. The FNS also works with state partners and the retail community†¦show more content†¦During the Reagan administration, the Food Stamps Program would suffer severe budget cuts in the year 1981 but was later restored funding in 1988 and 1990 as a means to combat the hunger crisis in America. This led to the accessibility of the EBT card. In the 2008 Farm Bill, the Food Stamp Program would be renamed the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or â€Å"SNAP† for short. During the year 2011, the program would become recognized as the largest federal food assistance program in the country, serving 14% of the population (more than 45 million American citizens). On the 7th day of February, 2014, President Barack Obama would sign into law the 2014 Farm Bill, which is also referred to as the Agricultural Act of 2014. In April, 2015 the USDA awarded $31.5 million in funding to local, state, and national organizations to support programs that help participants in SNAP increase their purchase of fruits and vegetables. Philosophical Base of Program When attempting to determine whether SNAP is residual or institutional, one must first be able to differentiate between the two. Residual Social Work is defined as either â€Å"reactive† or â€Å"gap-filling†. This sort of approach deals with needs as they come and attends to those that can’t be addressed by any other societal means. On the other hand, Institutional Social Work takes an

The Ban of Tobacco Advertising in India - 757 Words

On February 6, 2001, Government Of India (GOI) announces a bill about banning Tobacco companies from advertising their product and sponsoring sport and cultural events. The bill mission is to reduce consumption of tobacco products. This paper is based on information provided by the case study and is divided into four section. The first section summarizes arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco advertising in India. The second section summarizes arguments in opposition of the ban on tobacco advertising in Indian. The third sections discuss the conflict of interest issue as it pertains to government in India. And the last section offers some suggestion on what government should do in regards to tobacco advertising. Favor in the ban of tobacco Advertising Some advocates argue that these ban is the same as government effort to meddle their citizen private lives, but other argue that government did have right to intervene in the overall interest of their citizen. There are many countries in the world that already did similar bans. In 1991, French constitutional council declared that French government ban on tobacco is not based on nothing. As this ban is needed to protect their citizen health. Many fears that tobacco advertisements will influence children and young adult to smoke. It is become concern, especially since it is noted that future cigarette business lay on the age 14-24 years old. California government has done some effort to prevent that. For example, CaliforniaShow MoreRelatedIndia s Ban On Tobacco Advertising849 Words   |  4 PagesIndia in 2001 proposed a ban on tobacco advertisement in an effort to curb tobacco use with adolescents. It was met with sharp criticism from the tobacco industry. However, some saw it as a great move by the government in looking after the welfare of its citizens. I hope to explore in the essay each side’s voice as well as deal with the myriad of issues the government faced upon the bans proposal. Lastly I will give my opinion on what position the government should take. One the main arguments forRead MoreIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban1018 Words   |  5 PagesIndia s Tobacco Advertising Ban The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that worldwide, five million tobacco users die annually and estimates that one million Indians die each year prematurely from tobacco use (2015). As late at 2009, India was â€Å"the world’s second-largest consumer and third-largest producer of tobacco† (Economist, 2009, p. 5). In an attempt to reduce consumption, India introduced its first adverting ban on tobacco in 1990, followed in 2003 by the Cigarettes and Other TobaccoRead MoreThe Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco Advertising947 Words   |  4 Pages1. The Government of India (GOI) proposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe CarmelRead MoreThe Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco Advertising946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Government of India (GOI) proposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe Carmel, anRead MoreBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA800 Words   |  4 PagesBAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT IN INDIA In 2004 the government of India banned tobacco companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products as well as empower the government with the power to launch an anti tobacco program. . This issue created a serious problem in that it was both ethical and commercial, the government on one hand, believe it was its responsibility to protect the welfare ofRead MoreTobacco Advertising And The Indian Government997 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Advertising and the Indian Government An Analysis of the Case Study In February of 2001, India joined many developed nations in a long-held and ongoing debate; that of the ethical responsibility of government in regards to the advertising of tobacco products. By 2001 many other nations had already decided to either place bans on or strongly restrict the advertising of tobacco products in an attempt to curb usage and thereby avoid the ill health effects associated with the product. While theRead MoreBan Tobacco Ban On Tobacco859 Words   |  4 PagesSupporters of the ban on tobacco in India realize the major health complications that will arise from the use of tobacco. The World Health Organization estimated â€Å"over 3 million people died from tobacco related deaths in 1990,† (Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government in India; http://www.icmrindia.org/free%20resources/casestudies/ban-tobacco-ads11.htm ). It is the government’s duty to protect the health and welfare of its citizens by banning advertising harmful products that are designe d to appealRead MoreBanning Of The Law Of India1326 Words   |  6 PagesBANNING TOBACCO IN INDIA A case study in ethics management SUMMARY In order to better understand the complexities and difficulties of ethical decisions in the context of organisational management, we will examine one such decision made by the Government of India in 2001. The decision was whether to approve a bill that would place a ban on all tobacco advertising, including the sponsorship of sports and cultural events (Ban on tobacco ads by the government of India, 2001). After looking at the argumentsRead MoreAnalysis Of Case Ban On Tobacco Ads By The Government Of India Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of case Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India Introduction Can a ban of advertising on tobacco products keep young adults from developing the habit of smoking? Can it keep them away from trying it out? The Government of India thought so when it announced on Feb 6, 2001 that it intend to forward legislation to ban advertising on tobacco. I am going to examine the case for this proposed legislation. The announcement sparked a fierce debate over the issue. Is it ethical for theRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of The Tobacco Industry879 Words   |  4 PagesA ban was proposed to stop tobacco companies from advertising their products in India. As you can imagine this did not sit well with many. There are always people on both sides of the fence when it comes to these bans. Managers face many ethical challenges. Most companies have a code of ethics they must follow. In this case analysis we are going to be looking at the ethical issues and challenges Managers in the tobacco industry in India face as well as the pros and cons of banning tobacco advertising

A Pair of Tickets by Amy Tan Essay Example For Students

A Pair of Tickets by Amy Tan Essay Amy Tan is an author who uses the theme of Chinese-American life, focusing mainly on mother-daughter relationships, where the mother is an immigrant from China and the daughter is a thoroughly Americanized yellow on the surface and white underneath. In her book, the mother tries to convey their rich history and legacy to her daughter, who is almost completely ignorant of their heritage, while the daughter attempts to understand her hopelessly old- fashioned mother, who now seems to harbor a secret wisdom, who, in the end, is right about everything all along. At the opening of the story A Pair of Tickets Jandale Woo and her father are on a train, the are destined for China. Their first stop will be Guangzhou, China where he father will reunite with his long lost aunt. After visiting with her for a day they plan to take a plane to Shanghai, China where Jandale will meet her two half-sisters for the first time. It is both a blissful time and yet a time of remorse, Jandale has come to China to find her Chinese roots that her mother told her she possessed, and to meet her two twin half-sisters whom her mother had to abandon on her attempt to flee from the Japanese. Some people have no opportunity to get to know their heritage and their long lost family members. Jandale however, had almost waited her entire life to connect with her heritage and her family. She was willing to visit China and meet with her two half-sisters only in recognition to her mothers wishes. Jandale should have been delighted to have the opportunity to visit China and get to know her roots and her family. The theme to this story was effectively treated in that the reader could see the reunion of the sisters, but yet could feel pain and sorrow inside of themselves. Having the story take place in China, helped it to become more realistic for the reader. The reader can feel as Jandale traces her Chinese roots and becomes in touch with her heritage and her past. It is also possible for the reader to place themselves in the same situation and experience the feelings that are being portrayed by the characters. The reader can certainly sense the joyful and the sorrowful events and their hearts can be touched by the happiness and the pain. The main character in the story is Jandale Woo; she is the one the reader becomes a part of because it is her life that is mostly being affected. When her mother told her that she would one day feel her Chinese blood, she never believed it, but now the reader can get a perception of her understanding her Chinese roots and believing in what her mother has told her. Although Jandale was not born and raised in China like her mother she now has a grasp on her life and on her mothers life too. The story is told through the eyes of  Jandale, a Chinese-American women attempting to learn of her Chinese culture and her mothers past. Women readers may relate to this story more than the men because it is told by a woman character. Men may not connect to the experiences of a mother withdrawing from her own children to save their own lives. I, myself being a young women reader can connect with the pain that is felt throughout the story considerably better than a young man could. Learning about family heritage is something people do not always understand, like Jandale people do not always want to believe their past and the past of their families. When coming to an understanding of their past, people can lay to rest their urging thoughts and can come in closer contact to their present life. Now that Jandale has meet her sisters, she can now make peace in her life knowing that she has fulfilled her dreams and the dreams of her mother. She can now lay to rest the thought of her mother never seeing her twin daughters again and continue on with her existing life.

PRIUS Leading a Wave of Hybrids

Introduction Americans love their cars and this can be evidenced by the brisk sale of SUVs and trucks in the last 10 years. Power is also a major concern for Americans when buying a car. One wonders then is a small, sluggish hybrid auto would sell well in the US market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on PRIUS: Leading a Wave of Hybrids specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of such expectation, the introductions of the Prius, a hybrid auto manufactured by Toyota, was a runaway success for Toyota, and the company sold 2,610 units between July and October, 2000. The company had embarked on clever marketing techniques that targeted early adopters and techies. The Prius combines an electric motor with a gas engine to boost power and fuel efficiency. The demand for the Prius was also stimulated when the automaker was given tax incentives by the government. Moreover, starting from 2002, the IRS allowed prospective bu yers of the Prius to claim up to $ 2,000 in tax deduction, further boosting sales. Due to intense competition, Toyota anticipates other automakers to also start manufacturing hybrids in a bid to lower emission and raise gas mileage (Kotler Armstrong, 2009, p. 120). As an early entrant, Toyota is already targeting commercial trucks and SUVs with its hybrid model. Save for techno-savvy consumers, the mass market in the U.S is still reluctant to purchase hybrid cars. On the other hand, auto dealers are reluctant to promote hybrid cars. Only time will tell if consumers will opt to buy the more comfortable, more spacious and less powerful hybrids and benefit from improved fuel efficiency, or stick to the spacious, comfortable and powerful fuel guzzling SUVs and trucks. Executive Summary Americans love high-tech autos that emit fewer air pollutants and gives high gas mileage. In addition, the U. S. culture worships technological and scientific advances. Americans are also opposed to incr eases in gasoline prices. This, coupled with their concern for the environment, saw Toyota introduce Prius, the company’s hybrid auto, into the U.S market, in 2000. The Prius has a four-cylinder, 1.5-liter gas engine. It delivers 114 horsepower. The 33-kilowatt electric motor operates at low speeds. It uses a nickel metal-hydride battery to start the car. 1 gallon covers 66 miles while driving under normal highway conditions. The Prius has been designed in such a way that it switches to the gasoline engine automatically as speeds increases.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, there is a downside to the Pius. For example, although the Echo and the Prius are both nearly the same car, the latter costs nearly $ 3,000 more. To offset the difference in price, one has to purchase 1,887 gallons in the case of the Prius. This adds up to 124,542 miles, at the rate of 1 ga llon for every 66 miles (Kotler Armstrong, 2009, p. 120). Getting the estimated mileage is a pipe dream since gasoline mileage testing procedures by the EPA are normally overstated by up to 15 percent. Moreover, hybrids recharge their batteries using regenerative braking. Therefore, during the EPA driving cycle, more energy is fed to the braking system and consequently, the estimated gas mileage is boosted. The future looks bright though for Prius because economies of scale will result in decreased cost of production. In addition, the nickel metal-hydride batteries contribute greatly to the cost of the car and through research and development, Panasonic, makers of these batteries, can greatly reduce their production cost. This will in the end make the car affordable to more consumers. The tax incentives advanced by the government to hybrid automakers will also help stimulate demand for high-mileage and clean fuel autos. In May 2002, the owners of electric-and-gas hybrid cars were a lso allowed to claim up to $ 2,000 in tax deductions by the IRS, when buying a Prius. The decision to grant a tax break to hybrid-auto buyers by the U.S government was influenced by environmental concerns, politics, and emissions regulations. There was intense lobbying by environmental interest groups and politicians, calling for enhanced air quality through reduced emissions. A quick look at auto sales over the past 10 years appears to suggest that consumers are still not ready to for hybrids, and their buying decisions have not been affected by improved emission and gas mileage standards. SUVs and trucks have recorded the highest sales in America over the last 10 years. However, through clever marketing, Toyota managed to sell 2,610 Priuses between July and October 2000. Toyota had started educating potential consumers about the Prius 2 years before their launch into the U.S market. A web site had been established to distribute information, and 40,000 likely buyers sent e-brochure s. Based on e-mail messages alone, Toyota managed to sell 1,800 cars within 2 weeks.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on PRIUS: Leading a Wave of Hybrids specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Touting the Prius cost Toyota $ 15 million in 2002 alone, with television advertisements taking the bulk of the campaign. The ads stressed how the Prius was technologically advanced. The intention was to target the early adopters who also tend to be technologically-savvy (Rodriguez Page, 2004, p. 2). In addition, they also positioned Toyota as an â€Å"environmentally concerned company†. On Earth Day, Toyota sent prospective buyers green seed cards in the shape of the company’s logo. The company also gave away cars at Earth Day events. While customers still resist buying hybrid cars and dealers are reluctant to promote them, competition will however force automakers to manufacture hybrids to lower emissions and raise gas mileage. Already Ford has introduced a 40 miles per gallon Escape SUV. The Durangos hybrids manufactured by Daimler Chrysler are 20 percent more fuel efficient compared with conventional Durangos. On the other hand, GM is hopes to manufacture hybrid trucks and buses. Toyota is not threatened by competition and hopes to bank on its early entry into the hybrid market by diversifying into the production of commercial hybrid trucks, luxury sedans, and SUVs. Conclusion The mass market in the U.S values comfort, space, and power. For this reason, the highest sold numbers of cars in the U.S mass market for the past 10 years are SUVs and trucks. Considering that hybrids cars are less powerful, less spacious, but nonetheless, comfortable, did Toyota make the right decision to venture into the U.S. market. We need to note that prior to the entry, Toyota had conducted research for two years, during which time a website had been set up to provide information on the hybrid car. Some 40,000 e -brochures had also been distributed to prospective buyers. Through astute marketing techniques, the company managed to sell 2,610 cars in the space of three months. This notwithstanding, customers are yet to accept hybrid cars even after the tax deduction claim to the tune of $ 2,000. Dealers also resist the temptation to help market the Prius. One wonders if consumers in the U.S will go for the hybrid banking on its ability to accelerate on mountain inclines and high speed on open freeways, even though it has less power.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. Principles of Marketing. (13th edition). New York: Prentice Hall. Rodriguez, A., Page, C. (2004). A Comparison of Toyota and Honda Hybrid Vehicle Marketing Strategies. Web. This report on PRIUS: Leading a Wave of Hybrids was written and submitted by user L10nel to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Memorable Event in My Life Essay Example

A Memorable Event in My Life Essay Example A Memorable Event in My Life Paper A Memorable Event in My Life Paper My Life Being stuck In one of the most remote places In Cambodia does not seem like part of a vacation plan for anyone. In our lives, there will always be times when things do not go as the way you planed. Due to not preparing for any emergencies, our family learned a very important lesson in life. I was 13 when this incident happened. My family and I were on holiday in Sandhog province when we were left praying for help as our car got caught in the wet and muddy soil on the border of Sandhog and Henna province. We had been driving for six hours when we reached Luminous. The stone that made up the road became dirt, buildings turned Into trees and cars turned Into cows. As we moved on, our surrounding became more and more remote. Soon there was no sight of any human being, only dirt roads stretched out like veins running through our bodies. The wind of the coming storm began to pick up speed. Trees swayed from side to side as the gloaming sky rumbled and the lighting flashed. I tried to control my fear but the sound of the storm seems to suppress my ability to control my emotions. Then the unthinking happened. Two of our back wheels were sucked by the muddy soil; It could no long propel us forward. We were stuck. Father stepped hard on the gas pedal over and over again but it was in vain. Trapping in the middle of nowhere turned my fear into tears. What happen if there were bandits? What happened if there was a landslide? I could not help but thought of all the possible ways of how I will die. This doesnt seem good, wave got to hurry. Fathers words seem to have woken me up from a dream. I was no longer crying. The fear of dying gave me strength. I got out of the car and with all of my strength, I pushed. However my effort yields no result. Then an Idea struck me. I went to the back of the car and grabbed the two paintings that I have bought in Kingdom and placed it under the back wheels. Again, we pushed. As I hoped and prayed, the car went over the painting and we were freed. Smiles followed by relieve were on everyones face. As e continued on with our Journey, the rain did not stop and the chances of us trapping In the muddy soil were still there but this time I was ready. I would not sit and Walt for father to save me. My fear had turned Into strength. For the rest of the journey we trapped in the muddy soil for three more times but we managed to overcome the obstacle as one. This incident made me realized that no matter what difficulties we faced, as long as we have the perseverance, determination and the willingness to work as one, we will be able to overcome it.

University of Mary Hardin-Baylor SAT Scores, Admit Rate

University of Mary Hardin-Baylor SAT Scores, Admit Rate University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Admissions Overview UMHB has largely open  admissions, and most students with grades and standardized test scores that are average or better are accepted each year. While SAT and ACT scores are required for most applicants, if you rank in the top 10% of your school, there is no minimum score on the exams. For other students, youll need at least a 20 on the ACT or a 1030 on the SAT to qualify for regular admissions (higher scores if you are ranked in the lower half of your graduating class). Note that UMHBs admissions are largely not holistic. Grades, class rank, and standardized test scores will carry the most weight. The application does not ask for an essay, letters of recommendation, nor extracurricular activity information. Admissions Data (2016): University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Acceptance Rate: 79%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 450 / 560SAT Math: 470 / 560SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 21  / 26ACT English: 19 / 26ACT Math: 18  / 25What these ACT numbers mean University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Description: Founded in 1845, UMHB, the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, takes pride in its Christian identity and its affiliation with the Baptist General Convention of Texas. All students must agree to the schools policy of a faith-informed approach to education. The universitys residential campus is located in Belton, Texas, a small city in Central Texas situated midway between Waco and Austin. Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio are all within a three-hour drive, so the schools location is convenient to many major metropolitan areas. Academics at UMHB span a range of professional fields and majors in the liberal arts and sciences. Nursing is by far the most popular major, although business and education fields are also popular among undergraduates. On the athletic front, the UMHB Crusaders combete in the NCAA Division III American Southwest Conference. Athletics are big on campus, and many teams have met with national success including men and womens golf, men and womens basketball, and footbal l. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 3,906  (3,278 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 37% Male / 63% Female91% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $26,550Books: $1,300 (why so much?)Room and Board: $7,590Other Expenses: $3,030Total Cost: $38,470 UMHB Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 97%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 96%Loans: 73%Average Amount of AidGrants: $13,776Loans: $6,704 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Elementary Education, Exercise Physiology, General Studies, Marketing, Nursing, Physical Education, Psychology Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 71%4-Year Graduation Rate: 32%6-Year Graduation Rate: 48% Intercollegiate Athletics: Mens Sports:  baseball, basketball, football, golf, soccer, tennisWomens Sports:  basketball, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, volleyball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Interested in UMHB? You May Also Like These Colleges: Houston Baptist University: ProfileSam Houston State University:  ProfileBaylor University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTexas AM University-College Station:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Texas at Austin:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTexas Tech University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStephen F. Austin State University:  ProfileTexas Christian University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Houston:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Mission Statement: mission statement from  http://about.umhb.edu/our-mission The University of Mary Hardin-Baylor prepares students for leadership, service, and faith-informed discernment in a global society. Academic excellence, personal attention, broad-based scholarship and a commitment to a Baptist vision for education distinguish our Christ-centered learning community.

Past Experiences and Present Situation Personal Statement

Past Experiences and Present Situation - Personal Statement Example In almost all the cases the rivals belong to one and the same group and community. Somehow, the individuals having experience of living and interacting with different people and cultural environment are in a position to adjust in every atmosphere; the same is applied to me. Since the nature of my father’s job demanded to settle down at different places, I also had to move along with him in various cities of my country. Hence, I sought education from three different cities, during which I came across the people having divergent family and cultural backgrounds. Somehow, my active participation in the curricular activities and unflinching co-operation with the fellow-students during classroom discussions, library consulting, group-participation, giving vent to ideas during examination preparations and others made me a popular student of all the educational institutions I attended during the course of time. Additionally, my keen interest in extra-curricular activities including debates and speeches, sports and games and long-tours and trips also proved me as a flexible and amiable person in the eyes of others. I had been the football player for the last many years at school and college levels and played at different positions in the playground. The sports made me learn patience, endurance, tolerance and respect for others even after winning or losing the game. During the sports, I experienced fluctuation of moods and several other pleasant and unpleasant situations; however, my patience and efficiency always supported me.

Business & Society - Social Performance Assignment

Business & Society - Social Performance - Assignment Example In this case the following companies will be examined: Snapple, which distributes and manufactures fruit juices and teas; Nestle, whose subsidiary, Perrier, is a brand of mineral water; and Dole, who manufactures and distributes various fruit juices. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines specifically state that organizations are to follow and implement a program that addresses compliance with ethics programs (Federal Sentencing Guidelines  §8B2.1). Specifically, this section is concerned with ensuring that all organizations not only have an effective ethical Code of Conduct, which specifically addresses that organizations must use due diligence to prevent and detect criminal conduct and promote an effective organizational culture that encourages ethical conduct and law compliance, but that these organizations are effective with ensuring that employees are aware of the organizational Code and follow it. This paper will explain who Pured will not only implement an effective program but t hat its employees are aware of the Code of Conduct and will follow it. Introduction Pured ® is a beverage company which manufactures and distributes bottled mineral water and packaged fruit juice as products. It is a medium-sized public limited company launched in 2009, with 68% public ownership and 32% private capital of its total worth. ... In this case the following companies will be examined: Snapple, which distributes and manufactures fruit juices and teas; Nestle, whose subsidiary, Perrier, is a brand of mineral water; and Dole, who manufactures and distributes various fruit juices. Snapple Dr. Pepper and Snapple are a part of the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., and their Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available at investor.drpeppersnapple.com. They have specific tenets regarding conflicts of interest, political contributions, confidential information, integrity and fair dealing, employment of family, and theft or misuse of assets. Since Dr. Pepper and Snapple is a large organization, the Guidelines Manual states that they shall devote more formal operations and greater resources in meeting the guideline requirements (Federal Sentencing Guidelines). The guidelines also state that the company must set up standards and procedures to prevent and detect criminal conduct; that the company must not knowingly hire somebody who has engaged in illegal activities or has previously broken compliance with ethics programs; that the company shall communicate the ethics policies periodically; that the ethics program shall be enforced consistently; and that if there is criminal conduct, the organization shall take step to appropriately respond (Federal Sentencing Guidelines). In the case of Dr. Pepper/Snapple, there is very little in the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics page that would suggest that they are conforming with the Federal Guidelines. They do not address criminal conduct, except to say that the employees of the firm must follow all laws, rules and regulations. They do not outline what steps they will take if there is a

Health Promotion Essay Example for Free

Health Promotion Essay In today’s society, individuals do not recognize that every phase of their life is influenced by their health. People cannot accomplish their goals in society to their full advantage when they are unhealthy. In order to help the population improve their overall health, health promotion is essential. Health promotion and its objective will be discussed in this paper. In addition, it will further examine what our responsibilities are as nurses in the structure of health promotion. Furthermore, health promotion is separated into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, all benefitting the individual. The U.S. Public Health Service identifies health promotion as â€Å"the process of advocating health in order to enhance the probability that personal, private, and public support of positive health practices will become a societal norm† (Edelman Mandle, 2010, p. 14). In addition to offering information to patients regarding their health, health promotion incorporates supporting patients to enhance their general well-being and recognize their individual health potential (Skybo Polivka, 2007). Health promotion provides patients with the understanding of the different elements that can alter their health and inspires them to obtain control of it (Bennett, Perry, Lawrence, 2009). As well as enhancing patient outcomes, health promotion assists in reducing costs, which are consistently rising in health care (Edelman Mandle, 2010). According to Edelman Mandel, health promotion can be used on a public level, community level, or personal level (2010). For instance, on the public level, health promotion could include granting assistance or low-income housing programs by the government. The community level might incorporate Habitat for Humanity, which is a great advantage for that particular population. Lastly, the personal level would include individuals who vote to favor programs that assist the community (Hoyle, Bartee, Allensworth, 2010). Health promotion, a frequently used phrase, is especially critical to the nursing career. It encompasses many concepts that nurses encounter daily. Because education is crucial to succeed, nurses are an essential part in health promotion. Every day, nurses provide education to their patients. To assist them in maintaining and enhancing their well-being, nursing interventions benefit individuals by expanding their resources (Edelman Mandle, 2010). Since there are various settings in nursing, this is the ideal opportunity to educate individuals. With the help of nurses, healthy communities, homes, and schools can exist with proper education. Regardless of the specialty, all nurses need to educate patients on how to remain fit so they can live a longer, healthier life. Currently, collaboration occurs with an interdisciplinary team, which all assist in improving patients’ lives. Team members may include physicians, therapists, social workers, and dietitians. By working together to create a diverse educational background, this team helps patients overcome their illnesses or helps them manage the disease affecting their life (Bennett et al., 2009). Since health promotion is employed entirely across nursing, nurses are accountable for facilitating the best outcome for each individual patient. Health promotion includes three levels; primary, secondary and tertiary (Edelman Mandle, 2010). Primary prevention includes delivering strategies and education to help patients avoid illnesses (Edelman Mandle, 2010). For example, when a nurse delivers an immunization to a patient, she educates them about the potential risks of the disease and how the immunization will help prevent them from contracting the disease. In addition to the community, primary education is also applied in schools as an informative tool, to educate students about harmful diseases such as those taught in sex education classes. This offers support to students, enabling them to make informed decisions about protecting their health from such diseases. Secondary prevention is the next level of health promotion. This includes timely diagnosis of an illness and immediate therapy (Edelman Mandle, 2010). This level aids in reducing occurrences of illness and inhibiting development between patients (Bennett et al., 2009). By offering community screenings for diabetes or hypertension, nurses are applying secondary prevention. Public health screenings allow nurses to identify potential diseases at an early stage, as well as provide the patient with beneficial information to slow the progression of the illness. Lastly, the tertiary level consists of helping the patient with rehabilitation and recovery (Edelman Mandle, 2010). This stage identifies the disease and makes the patient cognizant of their health challenges. The nurse’s role in this level is to deliver education to help reduce complications. If a patient is admitted to the hospital with a stroke, physical and occupational rehabilitation may be initiated to retain the maximum stage of function and to avoid another stroke from transpiring (Skybo Polivka, 2007). The three levels of health promotion are utilized every day and positively assist patients with improving themselves. Nursing will continually incorporate health promotion and the prevention of illnesses. To help support the best outcome for all patients, it is essential that nurses adapt to change. Primary, secondary, and tertiary are the principle levels of health promotion in the nursing profession. These three levels will contribute to patients living longer, healthier lives. References Bennett, C., Perry, J., Lawrence, Z. (2009). Promoting health in primary care. Nursing Standard, 23(47), 48-56. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rzhAN=2010367201site=ehost-livescope=site Edelman, C., Mandle, C. L. (2010). Health promotions throughout the life span (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Hoyle, T., Bartee, R., Allensworth, D. (2010). Applying the process of health promotion in schools: A commentary. Journal Of School Health, 80(4), 163-166. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00483.x. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rzhAN=2010582507site=ehost-livescope=site Skybo, T., Polivka, B. (2007). Health promotion model for childhood violence prevention and exposure. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 16(1), 38-45. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01621.x. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct =truedb=rzhAN=2009481108site=ehost-livescope=site

How does Miler create a sense of tension and conflict between John and

How does Miler create a sense of tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth Proctor at the beginning of Act Two? In Act Two, John and Elizabeth Proctor are conversing and there are signs to indicate that there are tensions occurring in their marriage. Although the main theme of the ‘The Crucible’ is Witchcraft, this Act concentrates mainly on the relationship of John and Elizabeth. Miller uses a variety of dramatic devices, like stage directions to promote this point. Prior to this act the girls have named the witches and John has returned from Salem. Considering that this is where Abigail (whom John had an affair with) resides, it does not improve his dying marriage and relations with his wife. Miller begins by setting the tone for the scene and describes the front room of Proctor’s house. The room is described as ‘low, dark and rather long’; this immediately gives the impression of a threatening and hostile place. Coupled with the empty room, this could signify loneliness and symbolize the emptiness and lack of affection within the marriage. The word ‘halts’ is used to depict an image of a shocked John as he hears his wife singing, upon his entrance to the house. Miller could have decided to include this piece of information in order to show the audience how Elizabeth is rarely in a good frame of mind – perhaps due to her failing marriage. John then proceeds to add further seasoning to the food that Elizabeth has already prepared. This action is one of many devices used demonstrating the lack of satisfaction and need for more within the marriage. When Elizabeth does eventually enter to meet John, Miller is quick to show through her first line of speech â€Å"What keeps you so late? It’s almost dar... ... be more romantic and Miller shows an opposing side to his character, the pause indicates their discomfort and when Elizabeth’s ‘back is turned to him’ this is yet another effective way of making the audience notice the increasing distance between them, both physically and emotionally. Finally John then gives up and decides to try and address the problem that is bothering his wife. Miller’s stage directions ‘she doesn’t want friction, and yet she must’ portrays an image of a woman caught in two minds. Elizabeth wants to remain a good, obedient wife however she cannot resist challenging John about his whereabouts which led to his late arrival. The place of ‘Salem’ is mentioned and this could be Miller’s way of Elizabeth inadvertently or perhaps indirectly showing her distrust towards John. When John learns of Marry Warren’s presence in Salem his anger.

Prayer in Counseling Essay

In Eriksen and Weld’s journal article, the writers contend that spirituality and prayer is being utilized more and more by mental health practitioners and counselors. The concept of prayer within the counseling session is something that was considered for a long time but the actual use of spirituality practices is more frequently being used today. This particular article is based upon the data retrieved from two tests that were done on first time counselees and their practitioners. All of the counselees were Christians and results were based on what their expectations were regarding prayer and spirituality inventions. The test also surveyed what the beliefs and practices were of the counselors. Ultimately, the test showed that most counselees preferred the introduction of prayer within the sessions. They wished audible prayer was initiated by the counselor. Additionally, the test results also showed that clients expected prayer and even prefer that counselors or practitioners pray for them outside the prayer sessions as well. Another interesting thing that the test results showed was that religious natured conservatives preferred prayer more than the liberals of a religious nature. Overall, the studies from this article resulted in a confirmation that prayer is therapeutic and healthy for the clients. According to the article, spirituality has already been linked to a sturdy well-being and even secular counselors have used prayer intervention in sessions. There are many therapists that do not believe in mixing psychology with theology, however; the results seem to point to the fact that prayer intervention and spirituality produces effectiveness in psychotherapy sessions. There has been some controversy about using prayer in counseling such as improper use of prayer in counseling. In some cases, practitioners may not be trained properly to incorporate prayer and this could result in a damaged relationship between client and counselor. In some cases there are counselors that may not value prayer within the session but their clients may find it important. On the contrary, one of the studies showed that there were more counselors that valued prayer than their counselees. With these barriers to consider, research and examination of spirituality and prayer in counseling will be pursued further. Interaction It was quite amazing to see how high of a percentage of practitioners actually incorporate prayer with the counseling. There was a time when educators did not suggest using prayer or spirituality in the counseling sessions due to the delicacy of the subject of religion. Also, as a former secular counselor, there was some concern that many of the clients were not Christians and there may be offense taken by the client. After reading this journal article, it is enlightening to find out that many clients prefer prayer especially since many counselors are Christians now. Since there is very little research on the subject of prayer intervention, further research is crucial so that counselors can learn the proper way to incorporate prayer into the therapy session. Although the authors covered a pair of research studies on how effective prayer is to the success of the counseling session, it wasn’t sufficient enough to say that the majority of people who come to counseling prefer prayer. The article covered a lot about proven effectiveness of spirituality with counseling but there needs to be more on how to properly incorporate the two entities. Prayer is enlightening to many counselors but it is still a sensitive subject and needs to be weaned in the right way. It is this author’s assertion that prayer can be enlightening and beneficial to the mental health from personal experiences. The application of prayer and Biblical scriptures has been so uplifting for many clients but there are many out there that do not know the benefits of prayer. Dialogue is crucial when initiating prayer in the counseling session so the counselor needs to be well educated on the techniques. Spirituality and prayer has been utilized by this counselor and has been an integral tool in problem solving and keeping clients happy. As a Christian counselor, prayer for the client can be done after sessions whether the client wants it or not but during sessions should be carefully applied. It is because of this article that this author will study and investigate how to incorporate prayer carefully into the counseling session. Application It is because of this article that this author will study and investigate how to incorporate prayer carefully into the counseling session. Eriksen and Weld’s journal is an important tool and this author has definitely learned a lot from this reading. A client that comes in for grief counseling or depression would benefit from the therapeutic use of prayer. This author would carefully incorporate the Biblical scriptures as well as prayer on and off sessions because it is expected of a Christian. Since religion of any form is very sensitive for many people, this counselor will make sure to learn the best way to initiate it and use it throughout the counseling sessions. Another benefit in utilizing prayer is the trust building of the client for the practitioner so therefore; this author will utilize prayer to promote a great relationship. This author will make sure that the client is confident enough to share their feelings about prayer and spirituality. First and foremost, it will be disclosed in the very beginning that the author is a Christian. After listening to the client and finding his or her comfort level, Spirituality will somehow be introduced in the session whether it is in the form of reading Biblical scriptures or facilitating a prayer. In the past, this author has used prayer with counselees in and after sessions, but now realizes the sensitivity of how to apply it. It has been welcomed by both non-Christians and Christians but the article has shed the light on how detrimental an improper application of Spirituality and prayer can be to the counseling relationship.

Mao’s Last Dancer by Li Cunxin Essay

‘Non-fiction texts only deal with facts.’ Discuss the validity of this statement. In your essay response, you should discuss how composers of non-fiction texts present their point of view with specific reference to your non-fiction text. Autobiographies, as a narrative non-fiction text, generally rely on the conventions of factual historical evidence while presenting a personal point of view. Non-fiction texts therefore, rely on objective detail and a subjective perspective. Throughout the autobiography Mao’s Last Dancer the composer Li Cunxin offers a personal evaluation of actions and speculates on the significance of certain actions and events. To engage and entertain the responder the composer uses opinionative language and emotive language throughout. Recounts rely intensely on memory, which can be fragile and misleading, and therefore one should question the validity of such a text. Such an autobiography also deals with factual events but includes a level of subjectively. By saying non-fiction texts only deal with facts is partially wrong because non-fiction texts such as autobiographies do deal with the things other than facts and it contrastingly brings immediacy to events that have been simply narrate d by secondary versions. Consequently, non-fiction texts are not always objective when dealing with the events in a person’s life and this proves right through the novel. Autobiographies by their very nature rely back on memories from the past. This can be fragile and can ignore certain facts. In Li Cunxin’s text, most of his writing relied back on his memory. He exaggerates and reinforces his points quite strongly. Hyperbole is used in this line, â€Å"My leaps were high†¦It felt like as if I was flying†¦gliding through the open sky, and if the music allowed it, I would have stayed in the air all night,† (p314) adjusting the truth to portray him in a positive light. Furthermore, Time does have an effect on memory as it can be clouded over time and cannot be as strong. For example when Li has a conversation with Teacher Xiao he includes the exact dialogue, which was spoken. â€Å"Cunxin I understand your anger and I think Teacher Gao was wrong. He shouldn’t name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p182) The reader must question how the author remembers each detail from his past.  This adds to the subjective nature of this genre. Li reflecting from his memory also shapes his emotion, full on life. Emanating from Li’s personal emotions this indicates that this is a subjective recount as well as objective, â€Å"My feelings about leaving her and going back to China became unbearable† (p289). Aspects of the story also describe how his parents were feeling before he was born through the short dramatic sentences, but is not essentially factual as he was not actually there, â€Å"She knows her family will no longer be her main source of comfort†¦looks back at her familiar village for the last time, she has no tears,†(xiv) and so this relies on memory and perspective once again. The use of first person, it interoperates non-fiction texts such as autobiographies, an unreliable source of information. The purpose of writing in this style is to give the responder a personal effect, while reflecting back on their life story. Therefore, this reiterates the fact that the autobiography is only set on the personal and selective events being conveyed by the author. By doing so, the reader is presented with bias and limited factual content explored within Mao’s Last Dancer. They persuade the reader into believing its true; it could give the reader a wrong perception of true events and places because there is nothing else to judge them from. Aspects of one-sidedness are presented to us in Mao’s Last Dancer, which suggest the narrator is unreliable. The use of omission is brought to our attention at the start of the ‘afterword’. The fact that the author finishes writing on the page about a particular event which occurred in the distant past (being released from the Chinese Government). And then starts a new page erasing a whole stage out of his autobiography. â€Å"My new life with Elizabeth began like an East meets West fairy tale†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p308) simply reassures the readers that the legitimacy of the text is not all true. What has happened in the release and the meeting of Elizabeth? The reader does not hear what her point of view is on the circumstances or what she thinks about it, such as why their marriage failed, â€Å"but it didn’t work out the way we both had hoped.† (p308) This merely gives the reader a one sided point of view. As we hear Li’s thoughts and emotions towards Elizabeth, the reader is manipulated into sympathizing with Li. Therefore Elizabeth is not given adequate characterization. â€Å"Our marriage eventually failed. We suffered  greatly and I felt terribly alone in the world. I had no one to go to.† (p308) The use of this personal style makes this genre a subjective text. However, autobiographies do include factual detail and are not all subjective. In Mao’s Last Dancer, the author includes an appendix, which outlines the historical events mentioned in the book. These include reference map, a historical timeline of China in the 20th Century and black and white photos with captions. These endorse Li Cunxin’s life story and set it within a historical context. Related evidence for the reader that these events actually occurred, â€Å"In 1921 the Chinese Government party was founded.† (p328). This references to historical figures, such as Chairman Mao Zedong, and the use of dates provided. However one must question why the author and their purpose selected these examples. The written style of non-fiction text both deals with facts and emotional theories. Thus all this occurring by nature. Emotional theories, which are focused on in the text, Mao’s Last Dancer, involves the idea of memory in which the events occurred. Throughout the novel we witness from the author the numerous times the fragility in memory. The one-sidedness in autobiographies often gives the reader a bias view on all events and the author usually alters the truth. By saying non-fiction texts only deal with facts is highly debatable as facts are intertwined with the personal.

The Battle of Yellow Tavern - Civil War

The Battle of Yellow Tavern - Civil War The Battle of Yellow Tavern was fought May 11, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). In March 1864, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Major General Ulysses S. Grant to lieutenant general and gave him overall command of Union forces. Coming east, he took the field with Major General George G. Meades Army of the Potomac and commenced planning a campaign to destroy General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia. Working with Meade to reorganize the Army of the Potomac, Grant brought Major General Philip H. Sheridan east to head the armys Cavalry Corps. Though short in stature, Sheridan was known as a skilled and aggressive commander. Moving south in early May, Grant engaged Lee at the Battle of the Wilderness. Inconclusive, Grant shifted south and continued the fight at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. During the early days of the campaign, Sheridans troopers were largely employed in the traditional cavalry roles of screening and reconnaissance. Frustrated by these limited uses, Sheridan bickered with Meade and argued to be allowed to mount a large-scale raid against the enemy rear and Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuarts cavalry. Pressing his case with Grant, Sheridan received permission to take his corps south despite some misgivings from Meade. Departing on May 9, Sheridan moved south with orders to defeat Stuart, disrupt Lees supply lines, and threaten Richmond. The largest cavalry force assembled in the East, his command numbered around 10,000 and was supported by 32 guns. Reaching the Confederate supply base at Beaver Dam Station that evening, Sheridans men found that the much of the material there had been destroyed or evacuated. Paused overnight, they commenced disabling parts of the Virginia Central Railroad and freeing 400 Union prisoners before pressing south. Armies Commanders: Union Major General Philip H. Sheridan10,000 men Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuart4,500 men Stuart Responds Alerted to the Union movements, Stuart detached Major General Fitzhugh Lees cavalry division from Lees army at Spotsylvania and led it south to hamper Sheridans movements. Arriving near Beaver Dam Station too late to take action, he pushed his tired men through the night of May 10/11 to reach the intersection of Telegraph and Mountain Roads near an abandoned inn known as Yellow Tavern. Possessing around 4,500 men, he established a defensive position with Brigadier General Williams Wickhams brigade on the right west of the Telegraph Road facing south and Brigadier General Lunsford Lomaxs brigade on the left parallel to the road and facing west. Around 11:00 AM, less than an hour after establishing these lines, the lead elements of Sheridans corps appeared (Map). A Desperate Defense Led by Brigadier General Wesley Merritt, these forces quickly formed to strike Stuarts left. Consisting of the brigades of Brigadier General George A. Custer and Colonels Thomas Devin and Alfred Gibbs, Merritts division quickly advanced and engaged Lomaxs men. Pressing forward, troopers on the Union left suffered from flanking fire from Wickhams brigade. As the fighting increased in intensity, Merritts men began to slip around Lomaxs left flank. With his position in jeopardy, Lomax ordered his men to retreat north. Met by Stuart, the brigade was reformed on Wickhams left and extended the Confederate line east by 2:00 PM. A two-hour lull in the fighting ensued as Sheridan brought up reinforcements and reconnoitered the new Confederate position. Spying artillery in Stuarts lines, Sheridan directed Custer to attack and seize the guns. To accomplish this, Custer dismounted half of his men for an assault and ordered the remainder to conduct a wide sweep to the right in support. These efforts would be aided by the rest of Sheridans command. Moving forward, Custers men came under fire from Stuarts guns but continued their advance. Breaking through Lomaxs lines, Custers troopers drove on the Confederate left. With the situation desperate, Stuart pulled the 1st Virginia Cavalry from Wickhams lines and charged forward to counterattack. Blunting Custers assault, he then pushed the Union troopers back. As Union forces withdrew, former sharpshooter Private John A. Huff of the 5th Michigan Cavalry fired his pistol at Stuart. Hitting the Stuart in the side, the Confederate leader slumped in his saddle as his famous plumed hat fell to the ground. Taken to the rear, command on the field passed to Fitzhugh Lee. As the wounded Stuart departed the field, Lee attempted to restore order to the Confederate lines. Outnumbered and overpowered, he briefly held back Sheridans men before retreating from the field. Taken to the Richmond home of his brother-in-law, Dr. Charles Brewer, Stuart received a visit from President Jefferson Davis before slipping into a delirium and dying the next day. The loss of the flamboyant Stuart caused great sadness in the Confederacy and greatly pained Robert E. Lee. Aftermath: of the Battle In the fighting at the Battle of Yellow Tavern, Sheridan sustained 625 casualties while Confederate losses are estimated at around 175 as well as 300 captured. Having upheld his pledge to defeat Stuart, Sheridan continued south after the battle and reached the northern defenses of Richmond that evening. Assessing the weakness of the lines around the Confederate capital, he concluded that though he could probably take the city, he lacked the resources to hold it. Instead, Sheridan wheeled his command east and crossed the Chickahominy River before proceeding to unite with Major General Benjamin Butlers forces at Haxalls Landing. Resting and refitting for four days, the Union cavalry then rode north to rejoin the Army of the Potomac. Sources Encyclopedia Virginia: Battle of Yellow TavernCWSAC: Battle of Yellow TavernHistoryNet: Battle of Yellow Tavern

The Baby Boom and the Future of the Economy

The Baby Boom and the Future of the Economy Whats going to happen to the economy as all the baby boomers get older and retire? Its a great question that would need an entire book to properly answer. Fortunately, many books have been written on the relationship between the baby boom and the economy. Two good ones from the Canadian perspective are Boom, Bust Echo by Foot and Stoffman, and 2020: Rules for the New Age by Garth Turner. The Ratio Between Working People and Retired People Turner explains that the big changes will be due to the fact that the ratio between the number of working people to the number of retired people will change dramatically over the next few decades: When most boomers were in their teens, there were six Canadians like them, under the age of 20, for every person over 65. Today there are about three young people for every senior. By 2020, the ratio will be even more frightening. This will have profound consequences on our entire society. (80) Demographic changes will have a major impact on the ratio of retirees to workers; the ratio of the number of people ages 65 and over to the number ages 20 to 64 is expected to grow from about 20% in 1997 to 41% in 2050. (83) Examples of Expected Economic Impact These demographic changes will have both macroeconomic as well as microeconomic impacts. With so few people of working age, we can expect that wages will rise as employers fight to retain the small pool of labor available. This also implies that unemployment should be fairly low. But simultaneously taxes will also have to be quite high to pay for all the services that seniors require such as government pensions and Medicare. Older citizens tend to invest differently than younger ones, as older investors tend to buy less risky assets like bonds and sell riskier ones such as stocks. Do not be surprised to find that the price of bonds rises (causing their yields to fall) and the price of stocks to fall. There will be millions of smaller changes as well. The demand for soccer fields should fall as there are relatively fewer people will the demand for golf courses should rise. The demand for large suburban homes should fall as seniors move into one story condos and later to old-age homes. If youre investing in real estate, it will be important to consider the change in demographics when youre considering what to buy.

Caring for an elderly person with Alzheimer's disease Essay

Caring for an elderly person with Alzheimer's disease - Essay Example Last year, my grandmother of eighty-seven years of age finally succumbed to disease. I can explain with certainty that it was a long and painful demise. People that develop Alzheimer’s disease change. First thing to go is the memory. Many people have regular memory issues, but when they repeat themselves constantly, occasionally are violently angry, and are taken over by dementia, caring for them becomes extremely difficult. Alzheimer’s is an unfortunate and incurable disease that affects a great deal of people. Family members, caretakers, and nursing homes are frequently burdened with patients with this terrible disease. These are some of the many reasons why I have chosen caring for those with Alzheimer’s as my topic for the final paper.   Slowly but surely, ‘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients lose their memory and their cognitive abilities, and even their personalities may change dramatically. These changes are due to the progressive dysfunction and death of nerve cells that are responsible for the storage and processing of information. Although drugs can temporarily improve memory, at present there are no treatments that can stop or reverse the inexorable neurodegenerative process. But rapid progress towards understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that are responsible for the neuron’s demise may soon help in developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies’ (Mattson 2004). ... To avoid Alzheimer’s, Mattson suggests mental as well as physical exercise, a low calorie low saturated fat diet, and specifically targeted drugs. Although not required to understand the article, I believe it helped me to have a brief neuromotor background from my exercise science classes. This is a well cited and well written article, but definitely on the level of neuroscience. Mattson suggested ways to avoid Alzheimer’s, but lacks findings and I would recommend long term follow up studies.   ‘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects nearly 2% of the population in industrialized countries; the risk of AD dramatically increases in individuals beyond the age of 70 and it is predicted that the incidence of AD will increase threefold within the next 50 years’ (alz.org). Alzheimer's is a brain disease that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. â€Å"It’s overwhelming, worse every day,† Mrs. Dillon said in Jane Gross’ article ‘Alzheimer’s in the living room: how one family rallies to cope’, â€Å"I don’t have any life. Whatever happened to the golden years? Both of us have been robbed of everything we worked for.† The Dillons' ordeal is familiar to families of the 4.5 million American men and women with Alzheimer's disease, which progressively destroys the cerebral cortex and thus the ability to think, communicate and comprehend. The number of afflicted will more than triple to 14 million by midcentury, according to health care experts and demographers. For their caregivers, life is a

Water and human development (drinking water, sanitation) Essay

Water and human development (drinking water, sanitation) - Essay Example Most diseases causing deaths in developing countries are on sanitation. Diarrheal diseases such as typhoid, cholera, amoeba, and shigellosis among others are caused by poor water sanitation. Statistics show that 5000 children die every day as aresult of diarrheal diseases. This translates to every child dying in seventeen seconds. These death rates are because of inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in developing countries. Poor sanitation has a direct link with economic growth of the country; A recent study shows that developing countries with improved sanitation achieved an annual economic growth of 3.7%, while on the other developing countries with poor sanitation, achieved only 0.7% economic growth (Chew 33). A sick society is unable to be effective in their work towards improving the economic status on their country. Most countries with water and sanitation problems spend most of their resources in treatment of diseases stemming from poor sanitation and poor hygiene practices. Accessible and affordable water is also essential in agricultural and livestock production. In the quest to reduce the disease burden stemming from poor sanitation, several institutions including states, non- governmental organizations and the private sector, have tried to come up with approaches to curb this. Kamar Kal invented an approach known as Community Lead Total Sanitation in his endeavour to promote sanitation and hygiene. The approach is based changing people’s behaviour toward achieving an Open Defecation Free society. Instead of building latrines for communities, it’s aimed at igniting change in communities through triggering.The approach uses shameful and disgusting examples, therefore,enabling people to realize the importance of an Open Defecation Free Society (Drew 76). Communities are also encouraged to use locally available materials to construct latrines. Since the invention of this method in Bangladesh,

Reflective Diray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective Diray - Essay Example I believe that in order for me to triumphantly finish this academic year, I need to improve on learning, and this I can to by working harder. During the ICT lecture that I have attended last Tuesday, I encountered problems regarding the database table. Apparently, this was the major conflict I’ve had so far. I was able to overcome it however I am still a bit unsure of how to use it. This week was a little intense for me. This week, I finally became conscious of the difficulty of jumping from one approach to another in order to keep up with the courses. First, I went to the library to research on for the Educational Development module. There I found books which will enlighten me better with our topic. Our lecture was about â€Å"how to take notes†, incorporating active learning in the lesson. During the lecture, we were given tasks and they were to be done as a group however at first I was not that engaged in the group work. It was then I realized that this was what the lecture was teaching me – to become more active and to be more engaged in tasks as much as possible. This is what I have to try, and I know that in so doing I will be able to understand the lecture better. Group tasks can help me explore more things, I learn from my group mates and in return, I contribute some knowledge. Perhaps, this is another aspect of active learning. I do not only learn from reading, but I learn fro m experience, not just of my own but of others as well. Mates are like authors, with the authors, you read carefully their ideas, with mates, you have to listen to them carefully and observe them. Through listening and observing, you learn new ideas (Voeks 1979). I also realized that I need to do some more reading during my spare time as this will help me as well.   Through active reading, we begin to search new ideas and in vigorously

Business plant of E T Enterprise

Business plant of E T Enterprise E.T Enterprise is a partnership which manufactures traditional cake , bahulu. This company is established on Jun 2008 and commenced on July 2008. This partnership costs RM 323,857.00 which mostly the amount is contributed by the six partners and the rest being financed by loan from bank. The location of this company are at the Meru and it is a base to produce the bahulu because it is near to the raw material and labour sources which is the village people. The target market consists of the population in Shah Alam and Klang area. Theres no restriction in terms of the age group of the target market for its bahulu as bahulu can be enjoyed by many , regardless of ethnicity and social background. From our survey , the estimated size of our market is approximately RM1, 379,413. There are 3 main competitors that sell bahulu in Shah Alam Kelang which consist of J.K. Enterprise , S.U. Enterpise and S.A. Enterpise. The types of bahulu that this company offer to the customers are bahulu with cream ( strawberry , vanilla and chocolate ), cup bahulu with cream and topping , birthday bahulu and wedding cup bahulu. For each types of bahulu , this company put the price by using the cost based pricing. In order to promote the bahulu , they do sales promotion like giving bahulu sample and discounts to the customers. Hence , they advertise the bahulu in some local magazines. This company also have their own website to enable the customers to gain information about their product. The company distribute their product through retailers around Shah Alam , Klang and Meru. They estimate the sales based on the customers awareness about their product and seasonal factors like Hari Raya and wedding seasons. For operation , they apply the Just in Time concept where the entire of finish product is sent immediately to their intermediaries and final users which help them in minimize the storage cost. All production is produce based on sales forecast. This company choose Meru as the location because it fulfils the business basic needs. The suppliers are located throughout Klang and Shah Alam. PURPOSE OF BUSINESS PLAN The main purposes of this business plan are : To evaluate the project viability and growth potential. To apply for loans from bank as company capital and to know how much each shareholders need to invest. To act as a guideline or reference for the management of the proposed business. To allocate business resources effectively. To forecast the business performance for better decision making. For better understanding of in and out of the business. BACKGROUND OF THE BUSINESS Name of the business ET Enterprise Sdn Bhd Business address Lot A-2, Jalan Kemboja, Taman Meru Indah, Kg. Meru, 42200 Meru, Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Correspondence address Lot A-2, Jalan Kemboja, Taman Meru Indah, Kg. Meru, 42200 Meru, Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Telephone number 03-33925544 Form of business Patnership Main activity Manufacturing Date of business commencement 1st July 2008 Name of bank Bank Islam Bank account number 13-456-01-556634-1 Equity contribution RM 263,643 The above is the logo of this company business. The word E stands for modernization. It relates to their business where them want to introduce the bahulu to the wide global market. Furthermore , their also do some innovation to their bahulu in order to modernize it so that it can be accepted globally. Traditional stands for the type of business that thier run which is the traditional malay food , bahulu. This company choose the word traditional so that people will easily relates to their business with the traditional malay food. In their logo , they have chose two colours which are blue and red. Blue stands for innovation that they do to the bahulu in order to modernize it and to attract people to buy it. While red stands for the spirit to develop the traditional business and to introduce bahulu to global market. Hence , this comapany also include their motto in the logo so that people will actually know that they offer them with delicious , quality bahulu and they also care for the relationship that their have with the customers. BUSINESS NAMECARD Lot A-2, Jalan Kemboja, Taman Meru Indah, Kg. Meru, 42200 Meru, Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. No. Tel : 03-8885258 Website : www.et_enterprise.com.my LOCATION OF COMPANY This company located at Meru , Klang. THE ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN Vision To internationalize traditional cakes ( bahulu and others in the future ). Mission: To modernize traditional food. Objective: To market traditional food ( for now bahulu ) in whole Malaysia. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART MOHD.ABD.HALIM BIN SALANI (GENERAL MANAGER) MOHD EFI BIN TASNIMUDDIN (Financial Manager) ASMA BINTI RUSTAM (Operational Manager) MOHD HASHAMUDDIN BIN HASSAN (Administrative Manager) IRMAWATI BINTI ROSLAN (Marketing Manager) ADIBAH BINTI AHMAD DAUS (Direct Workers) FATIMAH BINTI HASSAN (Direct Workers) MOHD MUADZ BIN MAHMOOD (Direct Workers) NURUL ATEKAH BINTI MUHAMAD ALIAS (Asisstant Marketing Manager) JOB DESCRIPTION Position Responsibilities General manager Act as a superior of company that monitoring all activities in the company. Act as authorized person that approve the activities and financing. Have a power to control the companies. Ensure the performance of company is always good. Always care about society of employee and partner. Administration manager Help the entire department in area of administration. Determine the rate of employee and partner. Always keep the office clean. Help the General Manager. Marketing manager Find the target market for the production. Ensure all the goods are sold. Do forecast sales for the company. Find the best strategy to attract customer. Find the solution to become a winner in competition between competitors. Find the potential market for the company. Assistant marketing manager Helps the marketing manager Operation manager Find the best supplier for the company. Ensure the operational is operating wisely without problem. Ensure all the goods in a good quality. Ensure the all production is following the planning. Make sure all production is enough to support the demand from customer. Financial manager Prepare the financial statement. Ensure the company has sufficient cash to do an activity. Always find the solution to cut the cost and expenses. Workers Produce the product Ensure the factory in clean and clear after working THE MARKETING PLAN PRODUCT CONCEPT The product that this company offers to the customers is bahulu. They have done some innovation to the bahulu in order to make it look different and attractive than other ordinary bahulu. They also modernize the bahulu so that in the future it can be accepted globally. The types of bahulu that their offer to the customers are Crà ¨me Bahulu ( strawberry , vanilla and chocolate ), Cup bahulu with Crà ¨me Topping , Birthday Bahulu and Wedding Cup bahulu. Crà ¨me Bahulu is the main product which will be distributed to the retailers. While for Cup bahulu with Crà ¨me Topping , Birthday Bahulu and Wedding Cup bahulu are the types of products that their offer to the customers for ordering purposes. With these varieties of products , theis company hope that they are able to compete with other competitors and able to gain more customers. Besides that , they also ensure that our bahulu is delightful so that customers will satisfy with the taste and quality. Below are the packages that t his customer offer to the customers. a) Crà ¨me Bahulu b) Birthday Bahulu c) Wedding / engagement / other occasions i) Gift to the guest: Crà ¨me Bahulu ( 1 box contains 3 bahulu inside ) ii) Cupbahulu with Crà ¨me Topping iii) Wedding Cup bahulu TARGET MARKET Since the factory is located in Meru , Klang and its also near to Shah Alam , target market would be the customers in Klang and Shah Alam. Most people are already familiar with bahulu as one of Malay traditional cakes which are served during Hari Raya and are enjoyed by many. Therefore this company bahulu and cup bahulu can also be enjoyed by all age groups. It means that , in term of demographic segmentation ,their focusing on customers from all age groups who live in Klang and Shah Alam area. Since they also accept customized orders for certain occasions such as birthdays and weddings , they give a bit more focus on those in the age group of 1 35 years old as they are at the age where they like to have birthday celebrations with their group of friends and families as well as getting married. This is where they will focus to sell the birthday and wedding cup bahulu. Besides that , they also segment our market into separate psychographic profiles. Since the bahulu and cupbahulu are modernized version of the traditional bahulu , they seek to first capture the interest of those who are adventurous and love to try out new things besides being food enthusiasts. This company hope that through them , it could reach out to other more conservative customers by recommending our delicious and unique bahulu and cup bahulu to others. MARKET SIZE Market size is the total potential purchase that is expected from the target market. According to a July 2006 census , the population of Shah Alam stood at more than about 580,000 while Klang population stood at 683,000 which make the total population amounts to 1,263,000. This company estimated that 50% of the total population eat bahulu. Therefore , 50% x 1,263,000 = 631,500 Among the 631,500 who eat bahulu , their estimated that 39.5% of them would pick bahulu as their favourite snacks or deserts and thus eat more bahulu than others. Therefore : 39.5% x 631,500 = 250,000 From this 250,000 people , the estimated percentage of those who are more adventurous and would like to try the modernized version of bahulu is 25%. Therefore : 25% x 250,000 = 62,500 To conclude , from the total resident of 1,263,000 in Shah Alam and Klang, 62,500 people would be interested to buy modernized bahulu. After determining the market size , they calculate the estimated value of the market size. Usually the bahulu are sold in packets of 10 or 20 per packet. From the survey conducted , they found out the average price for a packet of bahulu is around RM 6.00. The survey was conducted by comparing the prices of the packets of bahulu which are sold by various manufacturers. Therefore the value of the estimated market size is: 62,500 x RM 6.00 = RM 375,000 STRENGTH OF THE COMPANY They could reach both the customers in Shah Alam and Klang with the help of the distributors. This company offer more varieties of bahulu and its safe to say that this coampany among the first company to invent cup bahulu. They strategically located near them raw materials and source of labours which enabled them to minimize the cost of production. MARKETING STRATEGIES The next step in marketing plan is marketing strategies. There are four key variables of marketing strategies which are product , price , promotion and place. This company realize that marketing strategies will give big impact to the companys sales. Therefore , they have developed specific strategies for each factor of the marketing strategies. PRODUCT As stated before in the product concept , this company offer several products to the customers which are Crà ¨me Bahulu , Cupbahulu with Crà ¨me Topping , Birthday Bahulu and Wedding Cup bahulu. With the motto quality , delicious and relation , they are not only focusing on the taste of the bahulu , but also care about the quality of their bahulu. In order to attract customers to buy the product , this company have design the bahulu with different design according to the types of order. Besides that , they packing the product with clear colorful plastic for those products that will be distribute to the retailers shops. The purpose is to allow customers to see the product clearly. While for ordering packages , the packing are in colorful box and ribbon so that it will look more special , simple yet beautiful. PRICE Basically , this company use cost based pricing to put price on the product. For different types of bahulu , they put different price for it. This is because the amount of material used for different types of bahulu is different from one another. Besides that , they also consider the quality and the preparation steps of the bahulu before putting the price. Below are the price for 1 unit of bahulu and the selling prices of our products. Price per unit: RM 0.27 + ( 45% x RM 0.27 ) = RM 0.40 / unit Therefore , the price for 1 packet of bahulu which consists of 10 units bahulu will be : RM 0.40 x 10 = RM 4.00 Selling prices : Bahulu with cream ( for distribution to the retailers ) : RM 4.00 per packet ( 10 units ). : RM 8.00 per packet (20 units ). 2. Orders : Birthday bahulu RM30.00 pe r set Bahulu with cream ( gift to the wedding quest ) RM 1.50 per box Cup bahulu with cream and topping RM 1.00 per unit Wedding cupbahulu RM 360.00 per set PROMOTION Like many other businesses , they also use few types of promotion tools in order to accomplish the sales promotion objectives. This company use advertising in magazines to promote their bahulu. They also choose to advertise the bahulu in magazine like Rasa because this magazine has its own readers who are interested to know about new foods. Besides that , they also have a own website. The purpose of this website is not only to promote the bahulu , but also to get feed back or any new ideas from the customers in order to improve the bahulu. Moreover , this website is also use to introduce new kind of bahulu to the customers. This website will make the customers closer to our product because it is easy to access and customers will easily get information about our bahulu. Other than that , they also do sales promotion like giving bahulu sampling and discounts. This company supply their bahulu sampling to the retailers at Kompleks PKNS and Shah Alam Mall , Shah Alam because at shopping mall people usually are interested in testing food and they tend to buy the food if it tastes delicious. For discounts , they only give discounts for order bahulu. For example , if a customer buys cup bahulu with Crà ¨me Topping for more than 1000 units , then , 10% discounts will be given out of the total price. Lastly , the sales team also do personal selling by communicate face to face with the customers and explain to them the types of bahulu that their offer. Not only that , they also give pamphlet and name card to the customers so that easy for them to contact with them for detail information about their bahulu. PLACE The factory and office are located at Meru which is near to the town and city like Klang and Shah Alam. Therefore , it will make them easier to promote the product to more wide market including the town people. Besides that , this location is strategic because it is near to the raw material and labour source which is the village people. This company also realizes that distribution strategies are important as it is one of the factors that will contribute to whether the product can be sold effectively or not. To distribute the product , they use two types of distribution strategies which are : Manufacturer retailer consumer Manufacturer consumer For distribution that use retailers , they choose four places to sell their bahulu which are Klang ( Pasar Jawa ) , Meru and Shah Alam ( Kompleks PKNS and Shah Alam Mall ). For all the retailers , this comapany agrees to pay them some commission every month. They use retailers to help them to distribute the bahulu in certain places. By using this way , this company could save some cost from renting a shop to sell the bahulu at every place that we want. For direct distribution to the customers , they use this kind of distribution when receive orders from customers. This company will deliver the orders to the customers and no transportation cost is charge for area around Klang , Meru and Shah Alam. But if the delivery is outside from these areas , transportation cost will be charged.

Women In Slavery in Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the life of a Slave Gi

The notion of slavery, as unpleasant as it is, must nonetheless be examined to understand the hardships that were caused in the lives of enslaved African-Americans. Without a doubt, conditions that the slaves lived under could be easily described as intolerable and inhumane. As painful as the slave's treatment by the masters was, it proved to be more unbearable for the women who were enslaved. Why did the women suffer a grimmer fate as slaves? The answer lies in the readings, Harriet Jacob's Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl and Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative which both imply that sexual abuse, jealous mistresses', and loss of children caused the female slaves to endure a more dreadful and hard life in captivity. It is a difficult predicament to be in when one is held in captivity. The situation is that much worse if a child finds himself held as a slave. From a young age the child must endure the fact that he is owned and not free to live life on his own terms. A child slave is already denied his freedom and childhood in the sole fact that he is a slave. However, female child slaves had to endure yet another hardship that made life that much more difficult. Young African girls that were enslaved were sexually abused from an early age. Olaudah Equiano, in Interesting Narrative, tells of misfortunes that the female slaves met with at the hands of white men that he witnessed aboard a ship that belonged to his master, he writes: "I have even known them gratify their brutal passion with females not ten years old" (p. 483) Equia... ...re taken advantage of, put down, and stripped of their dignity after they were victimized and sexually abused. Jealous and enraged mistresses, who were dismayed at the fact that their husbands were living a life of infidelity, mistreated them. In some cases, they were deprived of their most prized possessions, their children. This kind of life for the female slaves was overwhelmingly painful. They dealt with many circumstances that were not a part of the lives of male slaves. For this reason, it is fair to say that the lives of female slaves were harsher than the lives of male slaves. Works Cited Jacobs, Harriet A. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself. 1861. Ed. Olaudah, Equiano. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Yassa, Written by Himself. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995. Women In Slavery in Harriet Jacob's Incidents in the life of a Slave Gi The notion of slavery, as unpleasant as it is, must nonetheless be examined to understand the hardships that were caused in the lives of enslaved African-Americans. Without a doubt, conditions that the slaves lived under could be easily described as intolerable and inhumane. As painful as the slave's treatment by the masters was, it proved to be more unbearable for the women who were enslaved. Why did the women suffer a grimmer fate as slaves? The answer lies in the readings, Harriet Jacob's Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl and Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative which both imply that sexual abuse, jealous mistresses', and loss of children caused the female slaves to endure a more dreadful and hard life in captivity. It is a difficult predicament to be in when one is held in captivity. The situation is that much worse if a child finds himself held as a slave. From a young age the child must endure the fact that he is owned and not free to live life on his own terms. A child slave is already denied his freedom and childhood in the sole fact that he is a slave. However, female child slaves had to endure yet another hardship that made life that much more difficult. Young African girls that were enslaved were sexually abused from an early age. Olaudah Equiano, in Interesting Narrative, tells of misfortunes that the female slaves met with at the hands of white men that he witnessed aboard a ship that belonged to his master, he writes: "I have even known them gratify their brutal passion with females not ten years old" (p. 483) Equia... ...re taken advantage of, put down, and stripped of their dignity after they were victimized and sexually abused. Jealous and enraged mistresses, who were dismayed at the fact that their husbands were living a life of infidelity, mistreated them. In some cases, they were deprived of their most prized possessions, their children. This kind of life for the female slaves was overwhelmingly painful. They dealt with many circumstances that were not a part of the lives of male slaves. For this reason, it is fair to say that the lives of female slaves were harsher than the lives of male slaves. Works Cited Jacobs, Harriet A. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself. 1861. Ed. Olaudah, Equiano. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Yassa, Written by Himself. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.

Hollitz Chapter Essay

What is the connection between the ‘’democratic spirit’’ of the American culture in the nineteenth century and the appeal of insurgent religious groups of the Second great awakening, according to Nathan Hatch’s essay? What role did the American Revolution play in growing appeal to these groups during the awakening, according to the essay? Nathan Hatch compares the Second Great Awakening to the Jacksonian era. He states that the men trying to persuade other people to join their religion was like tyrants trying to get people to follow them. That just like the beginning stages of the revolution, this was a time of power struggle for religious leaders. Hatch writes ‘These movements empowered ordinary people by taking their deepest spiritual impulses at face value rather than subjecting them to the scrutiny of orthodox doctrine†¦.’ Just like the revolution the Second Great Awakening brought individuals a sense of freedom to believe what they wanted to believe. In his last paragraph he writes one of the biggest influences I believe to be with this awakening. He writes ‘†¦they made salvation imminently accessible and immediately available.’ What evidence do the primary sources and the essay provide to support Nathan Hatch’s explanation regarding the growth of insurgent religious groups during the Second Great Awakening? Do there appear to have been social bias for it? There definitely was a social bias towards the opinions on the growth of the religious groups. The passage by Harriet Martineau explains to us readers how women at that time really had no great meaning or place in society and that religion gave them one. Also in the passage by a former slave the slave explains the appeal of Methodism. He explains how Methodism was more understandable and easier to listen to while as the religion he was practicing before he never came home understanding but half of the meeting. Both of these passages can show how these two groups which are not socially viewed as being higher up grow liking to the religious awakening b ecause it gives them a sense of higher self-worth. Do the primary sources offer alternative explanations for the appearance of the Second Great Awakening?

Proposal for Inventory System Essay

In today’s global world, access to basic and quality healthcare is crucial and imperative in order to have a good and healthy life. In view of this, access to quality and affordable drugs is a basic raw material in enhancing good and quality healthcare. It is therefore necessary and important to ensure that patients can easily get access to quality, un-expired and affordable drugs for the treatment of their diseases and sicknesses. Most importantly the efficiency with which these services are carried out can go a long way to save lives and improve upon the health status of individuals. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited is a private retail pharmaceutical company established in Ghana and their main focus is to regularly sell pharmaceuticals, skin care products, baby care products and cosmetics to its customers. The company makes continuous efforts to maximize client’s satisfaction by providing good customer service and also segmenting their market so as to enable customers have easy access to their sales outlets. The company has its head office at Kanda and two other branches at west legon and kasowa respectively with their main target groups being the general public. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. has two major departments namely the Finance/Administrative Department and the Retail Department which are directly under the supervision of the CEO. The company has numerical staff strength of five (5) comprising of a CEO, a superintendent pharmacist, pharmacist, an accountant and a medicine counter assistant. Below is an organogram of Medisol Pharmaceutical company ltd. The Finance/Administrative department which is headed by the accountant handles mainly the financial and administrative tasks of the company. The company’s Retail Department serves as a liaison between Medisol and its customers and is headed by the Medicine Counter Assistant. The main responsibilities of this department are to manage the retail stock, sell items to customers and submit weekly reports to the CEO. Medisol’s operations are solely manual; as our team got to the company we were privileged to speak to the head of the retail department who explained thoroughly to us how the manual process takes place. The process starts with stock purchase where the medicine counter assistant makes a list of all needed items to be bought. This list is sent to their wholesalers for delivery of the items. Upon delivery, the items are crossed checked with the order list made and a sales invoice is then given to Medisol which is then filed in a purchasing file. Items to be sold are arranged on shelves with price tags on each item. Details of items sold are recorded in a sales book. Retail stocks are taken three times in a month and the process used is as follows; -Drugs on the shelves are counted and the quantity is crossed checked with the sales invoice kept in the purchase file(which shows quantity of items bought ), this is done to know the quantity of items sold -The quantity of sold items is then crossed checked from the sales books to further check if the items were really sold, expired or stolen. This process helps them to know how much items have been sold, how much stock is left and also determine whether to make an order or not. Medisol also has a special way of identifying expired drugs so that they won’t be sold to customers, with this the medicine counter assistant prepares a manual list of drugs whose expiry date falls within a particular year hence every six months this list is checked for drugs which have their expiry dates closer or already expired. Those almost about to expire are sold faster while those already expired are cleared from the shelves and discarded. In today’s world it is impossible to compete in the job market without a working knowledge of IT. It is therefore imperative that Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited implement and invest into good inventory control management system that have the ability to track, report and replenish stock. This will then improve accuracy and enhance safety and efficiency thereby helping the resale department decrease stock errors. This solution is intended to help the department to manage all transactions of received stocks, price, quantity and invoice. Security of this system will be enhanced, making it impossible for items to be misplaced or stolen. The benefits of the computerized inventory control system to Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. is to make inventory decisions that minimize the total cost of inventory, which is distinctly different from minimizing inventory. It is often more expensive to run out of an item (and thus be forced to obtain it through more expensive channels) than simply to keep more units in stock. Several models have been proposed in the literature for minimizing the total cost of inventory through the use of an economic order quantity, which attempts to balance the carrying costs of inventory with the cost of running out of an item. Most pharmacy inventory decisions involve replenishment–how much to order, when to decide to order, and when to place the order.